COMPARISSON BETWEEN IDEALISM, REALISM, NATURALISM AND PRAGMATISM
| IDEALISM | REALISM | NATURALISM | PRAGMATISM | |
| Meaning & concept | Beliefs on ‘God’.
Acceptance of Spiritual world. |
Give importance to ‘Material world”. | Beliefs in Nature.
Advocates return to nature. |
Belief practical approach to the problems. |
| Objective | “Self-realization” & Developing personality and mind. | Individual and
Social- development. |
Development of the whole person. | helping student to become better functioning of society |
| Aim of Education | Spiritual Development and Self-realization. | Focuses on Real life problems. | Self-expression
Natural development through education. |
Provide dynamic direction and guidance to the child according to his interest. |
| Curriculum | Thoughts, Feelings, Ideals and Values.
Ved and upnishad |
Subject -Centered based on daily life experience.
|
Child-Centered Education.
Naturalistic curriculum constructed. |
Child- centered education.
Lessons are related to social topic such as food,shelter etc. |
| Teaching Methods | Lecture, Question-Answer, discussion. | Focuses on ‘sense training’
Inductive-Deductive method used, |
Learning through participation.
Montessorie method, play-way method etc. |
Learning by doing
Collective approach Individual approach Etc. |
| Discipline
|
Strict discipline for self-realization. | Based on Love and sympathy.
Or through Natural consequences. |
Gives full freedom to child to perform.
No punishments. |
Social discipline on the basis of child’s interest and activity. |
| Role of Teacher | Model and Example | Learning through drills.
Orderly presentation of facts. |
There is no significant role of teacher in naturalism.
|
Teacher work as friend, philosopher and guide to the student. |
| Role of Student | Passive role.
Gain knowledge from teacher. |
Use idea of world in reality through technology. | Learn through natural things and their own experience. | Learn by engaging in activity first hand. |
| Exponents | Socrates,ross,plato,kant,
Gandhi, vivekanand etc |
Aristole, Aquinas, locke, karl marx | Aristole, Darwin,irwin lammack, spencer etc. | Pierce , w. james, dewey. Kilpatrick, russel. |